Paint vehicle for anhydrous pigments



UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM N- BLAKEMAN, JR, F MOUNT VERNON, NEW YORK.

PAINT VEHICLE JEOR ANHYJDROUS PIGMENTS. I

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that 1, WILLIAM N. BLAKE- MAN,Jr., a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city of MountVernon, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, haveinvented a new and useful Paint Vehicle for Anhydrous Pigments, whichinvention is fully set forth in the following specification.

The object of this invention is to utilize as pigments, in the art ofpainting, in an economical and satisfactory manner, all matter that isstable in character, and can be reduced to an amorphous and impalpablecondition.

The behavior of pigments toward oil-vehicles, when ground therein is byno means uniform, very many of the combinations thus made, especiallythose with anhydrous pigments, showing an utter lack of spreading powerand diffusive o acity; and these marked deficiencies great y detractfrom their usefulness.

l[ have discovered that all pigments may be ground with an agent thatwill harmonize and combine with them, and that the magma so formed willalso be congruent to and combine With all oil-vehicles and possess, whenground therein, great spreading power accelerated drying power anddilfusion o opacity.

The agent which ll use 'to produce these effects is a hydrocarbon ormineral oil of the class obtained chiefly from the Texas, Gulf andCalifornia oil fields. The oils in this class, or group, of which theTexas oils are regarded as the type, are known commercially as asphalticbase oils, and are regarded chemically as being largely composed ofunsaturated hydrocarbons; and either the crude oil or any of itsfractions, distillates or residuals, may be used in carrying out myinvention. The specific oil which I have employed is that from the SourLake district, Texas, preferably the available distillates now on themarket, varying from .92 to .94 sp. gr. The specific gravity of thecrude oil varies from .90 to .92 and that of pigment deslred for use,and grind it to paste form in one of the asphaltic-base-hydrocarbons.This compound, or magma, can

be placed upon the market, like the resent form of pigment ground inoil, (w ich is 'stearins, and the like,

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented July 19, 1921, Applicationfiled June 12, 1917. Serial No.

a mere matter of-economical transportation) and, when desired for use asa paint, may be extended in any suitable oil-vehicle.

Instead, however, of thus grinding the pigment in the asphaltic basehydrocarbon and then adding the vehicle, the asphaltic base hydrocarbonmay be incorporated in the selected vehicle, and the pigment ground inthis mixture; the ultimate result being the same in either case.

The proportion of pigment used will depend upon its nature and ma range,for example, from two hundre per cent. (200%) for chalk to three hundredper cent. (300%) for barytes, and to upward of six hundred per cent.(600%) of sublimed compounds of zinc and lead. The percentage ofasphaltic-base hydrocarbon to be incorporated in the vehicle will alsovary with the nature of the pigment and the vehicle, from eight totwelve per cent, or an average of Any fatty oil, such as linseed oil,may be employed as a vehicle, but very satisfactory and economicalcompositions can. be formed with the non-drying and semi-drying fattyoils, below. given. The compositions, while possessing great spreadingpower and opacity, may be slow in drying and I prefer, in all cases, toaccelerate the drying action by incorporating another drying oil,preferably tung oil, or a mixture of tung oil and marine animal oil, theresult bein a very decided reduction in the time requlred for drying.The use of tung oil in conjunction with the Texas oil is specificallyclaimed in application No. 443671, filed February 9, 1921.

As the asphaltic base hydrocarbons will act as solvents for man tableand mineral residuals, waxes, resins,

it may be found advantageous, in some cases, to incorporate a smallproportion substances in the composition, as they will render theultimate paint-film much more resistant to atmospheric and abrasiveinfluences. Thus, naphthalene (C T-l by reason of its great abundance,would be a most economical agent to use, from three (3) to five (5) percent, added to the oil-vehicle,- or to the asphaltic base hydrocarbon,greatly increasing the permanency of the paint-film.

The asphaltic-base-hydrocarbon ma if desired, be oxidized or hydrogenateor of the animal, vegeas in examples 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9,

of one or more of these both; and although the initial reaction in eachcase is feeble, yet sufficient molecular change is effected to increaseits reaction when brought into contact .5 and oil-vehicles, oroxidizable matter.

run of two (2) or three (3) hours on oxidizers at a tem erature of 250Fahn, and a run of half (4,; hour, with hydrogen, in the presence ofcatalysts, will be sufficient.

The oxidation and hydrogenation of the h drocarbons, are claimed 1napplications 902s, 443672 and 443673, filed February 9, 1 1.

The termzinc-lead, as used herein, is intended todesignate a class ofigments which have been on the market or many years and are nowwell-known in the trade y that name. They are all composed of zinc oxidand lead sulfate in varying proportions, the one which I preferconsisting, approximately, of 60 er cent. zinc oxid and 40 per cent.lead su fate. I

The following are examples of compositions which will producesatisfactory res su1ts:-

(1) Eighty (80) parts linseed oil; ten per cent. asphaltic basehydrocarbon of .9302 sp. gr.; fi

tung-oil; one hundred fi barytes (natural); zinc-lead (sixty (60%) percent. zinc 0x1 and forty (40%) er cent. lead sulfate).

(2) Eighty (80) parts linseed oil; fifteen per cent. asp altic basehydrocarbon of .9302 sp. gr.; fifteen (15%) per cent. tung oil; fifteen(15%) per cent. menhaden oil; one hundred fifty (150) parts barytes(natural? and thirt parts zinc lead. 3) Eighty 2 80) parts linseed oil;fifteen (15%) er cent. asphaltic base hydrocarbon, oxidize andhydrogenated, of .9370 sp. gr.; fifteen (15%) per cent. tung oil; andone hundred .(100) parts zinc lead. v (4) Eighty (80) arts soja oil; ten(10%) per cent. aspha tic base h drocarbon, hydrogenated, of .9302 sp.gr.; fifis een (15%) per cent. tung oil; one hundred fifty (150) artsbarytes; and thirty (30) parts zinc ead. a

(5) Eighty (80) parts cotton oil; ten (10%) per cent. asphalticbase'hydrocarbon, hydrogenated, of .9302 s gr.; fifteen (15%) per cent.tun oil; fif teen (15%) per cent. menhaden 05' thirty (30) ,parts chalk;and thirt (30 parts zinc lead.-

(6) Eighty 80) parts cottonoil; ten (10%) per cent. asphaltic basehydrocarbon, hydrogenated, of .9302 sp. gr.; fifteen v 215%) per cent.tung oil; one hundred fifty 150) parts barytes; and thirty (30) partszinc lead.

. (7) Eighty (80) oartslinseedoil; fifteen (15%) per cent, asphalticbase hydrocarbon,

of .9302 sp. gr.; fifteen (15%) per cent. tung 30 ty (150) parts withpigments I or three-quarters (if) of an and subsequently fteen (15%) percent. and thirty (30) parts .the result is a decided economic sulfate,natural; the lead'salts,

- heretofore,

oil; fifteen (15%) per cent. menhaden oil; three (3%) per cent.naphthalene; one hundred fifty (150) parts barytes (natural); and thirty(30) parts zinc lead.

(8) Eighty (80) parts soja oil; ten (10%) per cent. asphaltic basehydrocarbon, hydrogenated, of .9302 sp. gr.; fifteen (15%) per cent.tung oil; five (5%) per cent. naphthalene; one hundred fifty (150) partsbarytes (natural) and thirty (30) parts zinc lead.

(9) Eighty (80) parts soja oil; fifteen (15%) per cent. tung oil;fifteen (15%) per cent. menhaden oil; ten (10%) per cent. asphaltic basehydrocarbon, hydrogenated, showing .9302 sp. gr.; three (3%) percent.naphthalene; thirty (30) parts powdered serpentine (as talc or asbestos)thirt (30) parts calcium silicate; 'and'thirty (30) parts' zinc-lead. 85The above mixtures, with the usual quantity of commercial 1i uid drieradded, when spread as a paint,' wil firm or dr in from two and one-half(2%) to five 5) hours,

indurate satisfactorily.

By means of my invention, all the socalled inert or inactive substanceswhich, heretofore, have been used-in the painters' art as mereadulterants, may be employed as a basis for paint, as the magma formedby grinding such substances in the asphalticbase-hydrocarbon, not onlyimmediately becomes congruent to {all oil-vehicles, but also assists,with its diffusive opacity, in increasing the index of refraction.Opacit is one 100 of the most expensive attributes of tiiepresent systemof painting as based on the use of Dutch white lead, because so muchmore pigment is used than is necessary, that the result is a decidedeconomic loss. When, however, all inert, or inactive matter, is broughtinto active participation in difi'u- 'sive opacit ,as is doneby myinvention, and

a paint produced which will not deteriorate,

ain. he result obtained is very marked'with barium such as the sulfateand carbonate, even in a minute'crys talli'ne condition; silica, and the'silicious minerals in I general, such as calcium and 11.5 magnesium;and the serpentines, such as talc, asbestos, and the like.

Any suitable commercial liquid drier may be used. All the ,oil factorsin the com pounded oil-vehicle must, for the best effects,

be water free. a I The paint composition made with the vehicle abovedescr bed, is. claimed in another application filed herewith and bearingthe Serial Number. 174,256.

I am aware that it has-been proposed, to use crude hydrocarbons, as wellas the residuals of distillation, in admixturewith a variety of'otheringredients,

for water-proofing and cement purposes,*but

such compositions I expressly disclaim, as they did not have for theirobJect the formation of an anhydrous system of painting and could notbe. used for my purpose. I believe myself to be the first to employ theunsaturated hydrocarbons known commercially as asphaltic basehydrocarbons, in a paint-vehicle for the purpose of adapting it forsuccessful use with the anhydrous pigments.

Having thusfully described my invention, I claim l. A paint-vehiclecomprising a fatty oil; and a mineral oil of the Texas oil type.

2. A paint-vehicle comprising a fatty oil;

a mineral oil of the Texas oil type; and .15

tung oil.

3. A paint-vehicle comprising a non-drying fatty oil; and a mineral oilof the Texas 011 type.

4. paint-vehicle ing fatty oil; a mineral oil of the Texas oil type; andtung oil.

5. A paint-vehicle comprising a fatty oil; a mineral oil of the Texasoil type; and an agent resistant to atmospheric and abrasive 25influences.

WM. N. BLAKEMAN, JR.

comprising a non-dry- 20

